combinations

Hanging Baskets – the Squish Factor

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Nurseries are full of hanging baskets at this time of year, seemingly in every color and plant combination - except the one you want, right? How often have you found the perfect basket, wrestled it onto your cart then gone trundling around the nursery yet again trying to find a perfect match? Even if you find it you then have nothing short of army maneuvers trying to get two 3′ wide, super-trailing baskets into the back of your Prius….. Sound familiar?

The solution? Plant your own! You’ll save money and get exactly the colors and plants you want. You can coordinate your plant choices with anything from the trim on your house to the cushions on the patio chairs. Choose wild, zesty colors, an elegant green and white scheme or design with just foliage. It takes a little bit of time but the results are well worth it. Here’s how I do it.

 

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Basket selection

 

I prefer baskets where I can plant the sides as well as the top to achieve a really full look. That means using a wire frame with sufficiently large gaps between the struts that I can stuff plants in-between. If the spacing is very wide I might need to add a layer of chicken wire first to stop moss falling through.

 

Lining

 

Next comes the lining. There are several options here. The traditional method is to use sheet moss soaked in water, then starting at the base push this against the sides of the basket extending to 1″ above the rim. You are aiming for an even cover about 1” thick. This can be time consuming and messy as you have to patch up holes like a jigsaw puzzle as you go but it definitely gives the softer and more natural look which I like.
Pre-shaped liners are an alternative and these can be moss which is attached to a mesh making it easy to work with, or either coir or coco fiber which look like dead moss (i.e. brown)! It’s not my favorite option and is tough on the hands but I know that some folks like it, is more readily available and it lasts for several years.
Stuff fun plants into the basket sides [ this red and purple annual is called 'Tiny Mice'. Can you see why?

Stuff fun plants into the basket sides. This red and purple annual is called ‘Tiny Mice’. Can you see why?

 

Soil mix

 

Now get the planting mix ready. I combine 80% soil-less potting medium with 20% organic matter; either fine compost or a product such as Gardner & Bloome ‘Blue ribbon potting soil’. For every cubic foot of planting mix I add about 1 tablespoon of a granular slow release balanced fertilizer such as Osmocote.I don’t usually include moisture retention polymers as most of my clients have drip irrigation systems for their baskets so adequate watering is not a problem. However where hand watering is the only option it might be a good idea to add these. Experience leads me to suggest that you use just half the recommended amount, however, as I find they actually hold too much moisture and the soil can become overly saturated. In this situation plants such as coleus can rot.

Place the basket on top of an empty plant pot to raise it up to a good working height and keep it stable. If you have a ‘lazy Susan’ it helps to set this pot/basket combination on top to make turning easier.
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The squish factor!

Decide how many tiers of plants you are going to add to the sides. This will depend upon how high the basket is; one or two tiers is typical. Add enough soil to come just underneath where you want the lowest tier of plants to be. Gently make an opening in the lining either by pushing the moss to one side or cutting a hole in the liner. Using 2” sized plants (often called basket stuffers), remove them from their pots and wrap the roots in a little cling film or plastic to make sliding them easier. Gently push the plant roots through the hole, rest them on the soil surface and remove the cling film. Repeat as desired adding more soil to reach the next level, staggering the 2” plants on each tier to vary color and texture and allow for even coverage.

Now you are ready for the top. Start with an upright plant in the center then add other trailing and mounding 4” plants around the edges. If there is room squeeze a few extra 2” plants into this layer too. You’ll probably have to squish things in a bit, moving root balls around to find space for everybody. Aim to have a good thick layer of moss at the rim and finish the soil ½” below this.

 

Water the basket gently with a fine shower setting on the hose, being sure to completely saturate the sides as well as the top until water drips freely. Remember some of these roots systems are tiny and a long way down!
For clients I try to grow these on in my unheated greenhouse for a week or two before delivering and hanging them, but if the night temperatures are above 50’ then they can be hung outside straight away.
Lemon Slice million bells and Berry Luscious lantana make stunning partners

‘Lemon Slice’ million bells and ‘Berry Luscious’ lantana make stunning partners

Maintenance
The baskets will need watering every day unless it has rained heavily, and even twice a day in high summer. Adding a drip irrigation system is the easiest way to accomplish this but otherwise use a hose to saturate sides and top thoroughly. You will be well rewarded with visits from hummingbirds and compliments from neighbors!
How many plants do I need?
For a 16” diameter, 9” deep basket;
18 x 2” plants (3 each of 6 different varieties*),
6 x 4” plants for top layer,
1 x 4” upright plant for the center.
*You will use 6 x 2” plants on each of two side tiers and the final six on the top tier.
Favorite trailers and edgers plants for sun;
Lotus vine, silver falls (Dichondra), purple bell vine (Rhodochiton), million bells (Calibrachoa), verbena, fleabane ‘Profusion’(Erigeron) , trailing geraniums, fan flower (Scaevola), sweet potato vine (Ipomoea batatas), lantana, bacopa, Alyssum
Favorite upright plants for sun;
Dwarf varieties of New Zealand flax (Phormium) such as Jack Spratt, upright geraniums, Zagreb tickseed (Coreopsis), Gaura
Great combo for shade; 'Bonfire' begonia and 'Midnight Blue' Torenia

Great combo for shade; ‘Bonfire’ begonia and ‘Midnight Blue’ Torenia

Favorite trailers and edgers for part shade;
Black mondo grass, impatiens, cuphea, purple bell vine (Rhodochiton), Swedish ivy (Plectranthus ciliatus), purple heart (Setcreasea pallida), verbena, begonias, fuchsias, fan flower (Scaevola), wishbone flower (Torenia), sweet potato vine (Ipomoea batatas), asparagus fern, periwinkle (Vinca), ivy
Favorite upright plants for shade;
Coleus, ferns, taller Heuchera, Croton, orange hair sedge (Carex testacea), upright heliotrope
I avoid plants which need endless deadheading such as marguerite daisies (Argyranthemum) or African daisies (Osteospermum) and use million bells over trailing petunias as they perform better in our unpredictable summers. I also prefer zonal or fancy leafed geraniums rather than Martha geraniums as the latter do not give enough color.

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Epimediums with a Twist

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Golden yellow grasses (Hakonechloa macra ‘Aureola’) and variegated iris (Iris x robusta ‘Gerald Derby’) enhance the spring interest

I’m always looking for new ways to pair old favorites. I typically combine the heart shaped leaves of Bishop’s hat (Epimedium sp.) with lacy ferns and bold hostas for example. But a recent visit to the inspiring garden of Mitch Evans in Kirkland, WA showed me all sorts of exciting new possibilities to get me out of my design rut!

Play to ephemeral color

Play to ephemeral color

Enjoy the moment

Epimedium grandiflorum ’Lilafee’ has got the most beautiful purple-flushed foliage with lilac-purple flowers held daintily like dancing stars. Placing in front of Gerald Derby iris (Iris x robusta ‘Gerald Derby’) highlights the exciting purple flush of the iris foliage, most clearly visible in spring. Although both the flowers and iris foliage color are short term effects this inspired pairing shows the importance of planning for such special moments.

 

 

Consider shade loving conifers

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An unexpected combination with a conifer in part shade

Who would have thought of putting a conifer and Epimedium together? My mind immediately says its not possible since generally conifers need sun and Epimedium prefers shade. This is where knowing your plants comes in – and clearly Mitch does. The golden ‘Tom Thumb’ spruce (Picea orientalis ‘Tom Thumb’) will scorch in full sun and prefers dappled light making it a perfect companion to Epimedium x Amber Queen . I love the way the sunset colored flowers dance overhead like miniature Turk’s cap lilies almost teasing the conifer. After all aren’t Epimedium usually considered groundcovers yet here it is lauding it over its cowering partner!

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Smoky purple hellebores look even better with a hazy backdrop of Epimedium x Frohnleiten

Frohnleiten

 

Color echo and contrast

This pine-hellebore-Epimedum trio made me smile. The sunny yellow flowers of Epimedium x Frohnleiten, one of my personal favorites, always brightens a spring day. The dark, sultry flowers of the hellebore echo the deeper tones of the Epimedium foliage while the pine casts enough shade for both to thrive, adding a fresh green to the color palette as well as a softer texture.

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Your challenge question!

So what would you combine this ruby leafed beauty (an  Epimedium hybrid) with?

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A combination worth getting down on your hands and knees for!

 

 

 

What about a finely textured red leafed maple and buttery-yellow primroses?

 

Wherever I looked in Mitch’s garden there were carefully painted vignettes; special garden moments waiting to be discovered.

 

I for one will be referring to these images time and again when I need a dose of fresh design inspiration.

Ready to go shopping?

My sincere thanks to Mitch for letting me ‘ooh’ and ‘aah’ in his garden

 

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The Grass with Multiple Personalities

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A beauty or a beast? A star or a supporter? You decide.

Considered invasive in many parts of the country Mexican feather grass (Stipa tenuissima syn. Nasella tenuissima) is merely ‘friendly’ in Seattle area gardens. Certainly it self seeds, but it does so politely creating serendipitous plant partnerships that I wish I could claim as my design!

I consider it an invaluable asset to my own garden as it fills many roles.

Four season interest.

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Being evergreen this offers winter interest, when many of my other favorite grasses have tucked themselves under a blanket of compost. Whether planted as a drift with other grasses or as a simple monoculture, there is no denying that this wispy grass adds softness to the stark landscape during the colder months of the year.

Oscar worthy as supporting actor

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Sometimes bolder plant forms need an ethereal background to showcase their strength. I love the way Mexican feather grass offers a hazy curtain behind my ‘Ascot Rainbow’ spurge (Euphorbia). It keeps the focus on the star with its gauzy texture allowing light to filter through.

Nominee for best actor

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With so many great plants in this border (right and at top of post) how can a humble grass be taken seriously as a lead player? By virtue of it being at the very front where it creates a picture frame which in itself is a work of art. Just look how beautifully it sets the scene on this early spring day, enhancing the warm tones of the emerging spirea foliage foliage while leading the eye to the cinnamon colored peeling bark of a young paperbark maple (Acer griseum) in the middle ground and drifts of daffodils beyond.

Perfect for pathways

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Grasses are wonderful for edging pathways, delicately brushing bare ankles and toes as though walking through a meadow. None are gentler than this grass and its billowing form blurs the boundary between garden border and flagstone pathway with ease.

 

Wildlife refuge

 

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Tucked away behind the waving strands of grass, a flock of birds jumped and jived around this little fountain for over half an hour! Safe from view (mostly!), they played their game unhindered. I am sure the seeds would be of interest later in the year also.

Extreme contrasts

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Want the ultimate plant to contrast with the grass texture and form? What about this prickly pear? You can’t get much more extreme than this!

Cultural information

USDA hardiness; 6-10

Size; 2′ tall and wide as a loose fountain

Light; full sun or light shade

Water; average to dry.

 

So what is this grass to you? The ultimate invasive thug to be avoided at all costs? If so I’d love to know what you have found as a great substitute?

Or has this chameleon  found a spot in your garden?

Friend or foe? You decide.

For another great design using this grass enjoy this combination featured in my new book Fine Foliage

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Join in the Foliage Fest! (& giveaway)

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The past couple of weeks have been a true whirlwind since my book FINE FOLIAGE, co-authored with Christina Salwitz was launched at the 2013 Northwest Flower and Garden Show, Seattle.

My first talk at the show – a demonstration style seminar called ‘Spotlight on Foliage’ was standing room only and by the end of that afternoon the University Bookstore had sold out of our book. Thankfully Christina and I had ordered plenty for ourselves so were able to loan them enough to get them through the rest of the show. Tough problem to have, right?!

Since then the books have been selling nationwide (and thanks to my Mum also in England) with great reviews on both sides of The Pond! Both Christina and I have received lovely emails from total strangers who have purchased Fine Foliage and wanted to say how much they are enjoying it and to thank us for the inspiration we have given them.

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So what’s so special about it? Here’s what others are saying;

“Fine Foliage is a visual treat that will inspire you with dazzling combinations for containers and gardens. Karen Chapman and Christina Salwitz explain why each combination works – bringing artistic design within easy reach of all gardeners. A great user-friendly resource.”

Debra Prinzing, author of The 50 Mile Bouquet and Slow Flowers

Garden lovers, you now have the secret for creating the landscapes of your dreams – the ones you see in magazines and wonder “how do those designers DO THAT?”. Christina Salwitz and Karen Chapman show you how to look beyond the flowers and introduce you to the real stars of the horticultural world – LEAVES! Foliage is more than that green stuff around the flowers, it is what divides a good garden from an incredible one, and now you have a guide for how to use its power!

-Ivette Soler, Garden designer and author of “The Edible Front Yard

“The photos in this book are both breathtaking and inspiring…” Barb S., Seattle

“I highly recommend this book for all gardeners and garden lovers…” Suzanne K., Redmond

Read our Amazon reviews

FF Jewel Box

As winter transitions to spring we seem to naturally gravitate to the local nurseries and garden centers, filling our carts with all that is fragrant and flowery. Yet a few weeks from now those impulse buys won’t look quite so impressive if you haven’t paid careful attention to using foliage as the backbone of your combinations.

The solution? Take a copy of Fine Foliage to the nursery with you – it will fit nicely into your purse (UK translation = handbag). Being a high quality hardback it will withstand the rigors of many such trips! Use it as a springboard for new ideas, ask the nursery staff to help you find your favorites or use it as a reference against which to test those flowers you are drawn to!

For example the gorgeous purple and deep red pasque flowers (Pulsatilla sp.) that are in bloom right now would look so pretty with a tricolor sage. Or maybe add a froth of lemon thyme to those dwarf daffodils? Back that up with some blue grasses and a dwarf golden conifer and you have the makings of a great container!

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ENTER TO WIN A FREE COPY!

What do I win?
One signed copy of Fine Foliage
Where?
On our blog www.fine-foliage.com 
When?
Right now!! Drawing will take place at midnight Saturday March 16th PST and the book mailed out first thing Monday.
What do I do to enter?
Head over to www.fine-foliage.com and follow the link to sign up for our blog. It’s that easy! Everyone that is registered will be entered into a random drawing. The winner will be notified by email within 24 hours and the winners name will also be posted on the blog itself.

CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR WINNER shariwick165@gmail.com! You have seen sent an email – please let us have your mailing address and Fine Foliage will be on its way!

Didn’t win? Never mind;

Signed copies can be ordered here using credit card or PayPal




Also available at bookstores, nurseries and online.

Share the love of gardening with your friends and family. Fine Foliage would make a beautiful gift for any occasion; new home, birthday, anniversary….and Mother’s Day is just around the corner on May 12th.

final book cover

Both Christina and I are also available to give presentations at your garden clubs, nurseries or other event to celebrate Fine Foliage . You will find us listed on the Great Garden Speakers website; read reviews of our previous talks and get more details of what we offer.

Do tell me which is your favorite combination from the book and share your own ideas for great foliage.

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Helleborus Gold Collection® – the best of the best

The magical colors of Merlin. Photo credit; Skagit Gardens

As the last of the colorful leaves fall from the trees and blue skies turn gray – especially here in Seattle, I find myself yearning for color. Spring is many months away – I need something NOW and the new Lenten roses (Helleborus) fill that gap beautifully.

Helleborus Gold Collection® grown by Skagit Gardens has revolutionized the hellebore world. Blooming at a younger age than older hybrids and offering an unbelievably long bloom time these really do earn their gold star status. Another breakthrough is that each of the large flowers faces outwards so that you can appreciate the beauty without getting on your hands and knees! They are also fuss free, deer resistant, evergreen and shade tolerant. What more can you ask? Here are three personal favorites.

Plant 'Pink Frost' where the light can stream through from behind to really appreciate its delicate beauty

Top of the list has to be Pink Frost (Helleborus x ballardiae Gold Collection® Pink Frost).  This award winning variety was introduced about three years ago and I absolutely love it. I use this massed in the landscape as well as in shade containers where they bloom from November to March. (Even though Skagit says these bloom  mid-January onwards I have found them to be covered in fat pink buds held high on their red stems in early November with flowering starting shortly thereafter). At any one time the silvery green foliage is adorned with flowers in shades of pink, burgundy and deep red.  Clumps spread nicely to form 2’ wide mounds.

Foliage and flowers are equally beautiful on Merlin. Photo credit; Skagit Gardens

The new kid on the hellebore block is Merlin (Helleborus x ballardiae Gold Collection® Merlin). I met this magical perennial recently at the Garden Writer’s Association symposium in Tucson and was struck by the outward facing blooms which opened pale pink, transitioning through rose before maturing to a rich cranberry. The foliage and stems are much darker than those of ‘Pink Frost’ and are truly spectacular. This would be worth growing as a foliage plant even if it never flowered! A little smaller than ‘Pink Frost’, this beauty grows about 15” wide.

Cinnamon Snow will add sparkle to the shade garden. Photo credit; Skagit Gardens

Cinnamon Snow (Helleborus x ballardiae Gold Collection® Cinnamon Snow) is one of the earliest to bloom which makes it a great addition when I am replanting containers in fall. Pink buds open creamy white, each petal brushed lightly with shades of rose and warm cinnamon. This delicious confection reminds me of ‘grown up’ ice cream – the sort you only buy as a treat when the children aren’t at home! The foliage is a dark green; a perfect backdrop that allows the flowers to really sparkle. This robust hellebore grows to 2’ wide and blooms from December – February according to the grower but once again I have found these to be in bud as early as late October.

How to grow

  • Rich, moisture retentive soil
  • Part or full shade (bloom best in morning sun and afternoon shade or dappled shade all day)
  • Mulch in summer to retain moisture
  • Trim off older leaves in spring to freshen it up.

Cinnamon Snow works equally well in containers and the landscape. Photo credit; Skagit Gardens

 

Companion ideas

Landscape – Mass at the base of a coral bark maple (Acer p. ‘Sango Kaku) to enhance the winter interest. The  Japanese forest grass (Hakonechloa macra ‘All Gold’) could then  be added to form bright waterfalls of gold  from spring-fall, contrasting beautifully with the hellebore foliage

Containers – partner with pink hued coral bells (Heuchera) such as ‘Georgia Peach’ or ‘Berry Smoothie’ to repeat the pink tones and perhaps a green and white variegated grass to add finer texture. In this container a burgundy Cordyline and evergreen fern have been used as companions.

 

Which is your favorite hellebore? Plant all three and you’ll have color from now until March!

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Hot Colors for Cold Days

I have a fabulous orange container. It’s not a color I would ordinarily have chosen for our home but it was perfect for a magazine photo shoot we did this summer and I had been really looking forward to replanting it for fall and winter knowing that I would have fun playing off its exhibitionist personality!

Earlier this year I purchased a beautiful dwarf vine maple (Acer circinatum ‘Little Gem’). I knew this was the perfect focal point for my design since it had been clothed in fiery shades of red, orange and gold since August – a great way to emphasize the sassy container color. Even when the leaves eventually fall the vibrant red branches will be striking.

The difference in the light reflective qualities of these two leaf surfaces make the partnership all the more striking. 'Ruby Glow' spurge with 'Spellbound' coral bells.

You can’t be bashful with orange and I knew I needed bold companions to really make a statement. ‘Spellbound’ coral bells (Heuchera hybrid) has had everyone talking this year. This is no ordinary purple. Rather its oversized ruffled leaves have a silvery sheen on top and a delicious berry colored reverse. Partnering this with the deep purple ‘Ruby Glow’ spurge (Euphorbia amygdaloides) created a dramatic yet monochromatic combination.

'Wickwar Flame' heather adds a warm note before changing to green in spring

 

With the bones established it was time to add accents. I wanted to play off the orange some more so selected the spiky grass-like ‘Goldfinger’ New Zealand iris (Libertia ixioides) and the richly colored ‘Wickwar Flame’ heather (Calluna vulgaris), both easy container plants in full sun.

Add a little sparkle with 'Wojo's Jem' periwinkle

 

 

 

 

 

 

So as not to get too hung up on a strictly orange and purple color scheme I added a lighter note with brightly variegated ‘Wojo’s Jem’ periwinkle (Vinca maculata). This trails over the edge of the container together with golden rosemary.

All these foliage plants are winter hardy and evergreen here in the Seattle area (zones 6b-8). No flowers were really needed but I couldn’t resist adding a couple of deep ruby-red pansies to draw attention to the tips and stems of the spurge. (The pansies were rather camera shy when this photo was taken due to several days of torrential rain)!

 

The glowing foliage of the 'Little Gem' vine maple pick sup on the color of the container and forms a great backdrop for the sultry spurge

 

The beauty of this design is that it will evolve with the seasons yet is a year round planting. In spring the pansies will be in full bloom and the spurge will explode with chartreuse bracts. Now hidden from view, spring bulbs will push through the foliage to add another layer of interest and the tree will have its new flush of bright green, pleated leaves.  I’ll try to remember to post photos of its spring fashion show.

Summer will only need the two pansies replaced with annuals giving it a fresh new look for just a few dollars.

 

 

Sometimes we need an unexpected challenge to spark our creativity.

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Stark Silhouettes – a lesson from the desert

I had the opportunity recently to visit Tucson, Arizona and was fascinated to see a landscape so different from the lush Pacific Northwest. Instead of ferns and mossy glades beneath towering evergreens the arid desert landscape was filled with cacti, succulents and other drought tolerant specimens piercing the rocky terrain.

Walking around the hotel grounds offered a lesson in landscape design in itself!

To some this stark landscape seemed barren yet I found the juxtaposition of the different architectural shapes fascinating. When I design gardens and plant combinations I pay great attention to the details of foliage to create a layered tapestry. I also love to work with color – high contrast and monochromatic being my two favorite  schemes. The desert plantscape was an exciting study in monochromatic planting with shades of silvery-green and steel blue predominating and it was also a lesson in appreciating the structural quality of each plant.

Dramatic spires of cacti stand out in sharp relief against the vast blue Arizona sky

While in Tucson I heard a wonderful presentation by Scott Calhoun, a local and highly regarded landscape designer on Hot Gardens – designing in the south west. Whereas I am often asked to create a sense of enclosure, a hidden oasis for my clients, Scott designs for a sense of openness and transparency. He aims to mimic the surrounding landscape in his gardens, framing views of the surrounding mountains. It is a principle called ‘borrowed landscape’ where the garden seems to extend into the distance and boundaries are obscured.

A simple vignette of an Agave against a weathered boulder draws attention to the ground plane

 

Rather than creating screening he looks for ways to add stark silhouettes against the sky – emphasizing the wider landscape or vista. Closer at hand he creates vignettes of plant material, boulders wildflowers and native grasses.

Stunning in its simplicity. The powdery blue Agave highlights the blue wall with a bold golden yellow bench providing high contrast.

 

 

 

My favorite trip was to a wonderful private garden where the homeowner had adapted these principles to an urban environment. He had built the most beautiful stucco walls, each painted a different bold color and then set the plants against this unadorned backdrop. Sunlight cast shadows on these walls creating a sense of greater depth allowing the form of each cactus to be silhouetted without distraction from background plants.

This monochromatic scheme looks striking when the silhouette of each plant is showcased against the stucco wall

Although the plants themselves were of a similar hue, by placing them against walls of cobalt blue, yellow ochre, terracotta and olive green each specimen ‘popped’.

 

 

Each plant was well spaced from its neighbor – a practical necessity in the desert since they are competing for water. Yet this allowed the graphical shape of each plant to be appreciated in isolation creating an almost minimalistic look.

Barrel cactus with its remarkable radial pattern of spines

 

 

 

Short spines, long spines, orange spines, ghostly white spines. Paddle shapes, columnar pickets, pointed arrows and mounds. The variety was still there in the details although at first glance the desert may seem like a moonscape to those of us used to a completely different environment.

Whereas in the PNW we might leave snags of tall trees for wildlife and to simply lend a sculptural statement, in Tucson we saw many cacti skeletons creating the same effect

 

 

This trip provided a wonderful opportunity to learn about different design techniques and many of those ideas can be employed in our own gardens. Creating silhouettes using the contorted branching structures of trees and shrubs for example. Or a stand of vertical grasses against the solid backdrop of evergreen trees can have the same dramatic effect as the cacti against the  sky. If you would like more ideas on designing silhouettes, especially valuable in the winter landscape of more temperate climates, you may enjoy this article I wrote a while ago.

A simple container, well placed against a colorful backdrop allows the light to cast strong shadows

 

 

 

No matter where you live, it’s still all about the details.

 

This trip was organized by the Garden Writers Association

 

 

 

 

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Similar but Different – the art of observation.

A miniature forest? They may all be conifers but with such a wonderful blend of colors and foliage shapes they each have something to offer

Sometimes we need to be thrown a challenge to discover something new. This week I received sample of several trees, shrubs and perennials to try in my fall container designs. They were sent to me by Qualitree, a grower in British Columbia after they read my recent article on Great Conifers for Fall Containers. When I say ‘several’  I mean lots. And lots. Beautiful conifers, colorful heathers, three lavender grown as standards, a tray of golden rosemary and  more.

The challenge!

'Wilma's Gold' rosemary and 'Silver sand' cushion bush may have very similar textures but the striking color differences makes them fun partners, especially when planted in a lime green container

I set all the boxes down and stood back to admire these unexpected treasures, my mind already whirring as to combinations, color schemes and containers selection when I realized something. Almost every plant had a fine texture. From the needle-like foliage of yew, lavender and rosemary, and the tiny scale-like leaves of heathers to the feathery sprays of  ‘Ellwoodii’ false cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Ellwoodii’).  All beautiful but also very similar so how was I going to do these great plants justice, test their winter hardiness and still create exciting combinations? By doing what I teach others to do – looking at the details.

Explore color

Notice the subtle golden variegation on 'Empire' false cypress

Nuances of color were the key. I began to look closer (a camera helps to focus one’s attention) and noticed that ‘Empire’ false cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Empire) had a subtle golden yellow variegation. The soft ‘Snow White’ Port Orchard cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Snow White’) was a pretty blue-green which still retained a whisper of the creamy white spring growth. In contrast the rich green toned ‘DeGroot’s Spire’ arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis ‘DeGroot’s Spire) was taking on its winter blush of burgundy while one of my favorites ‘Forever Goldie’ which I introduced you to recently was shining  in the most vivid gold with just a hint of orange that will deepen as the temperatures drop.

Some color differences are easier to spot. Silvery white cushion bush (Calocephalus brownii ‘Silversand’) is stunning and although only an annual its network of striking wiry stems can be enjoyed until a hard frost.

This heather has chartreuse foliage so even when flowering is over it will contrast well

Heathers can be tricky to use in mixed container designs since once the flowering is over their foliage isn’t terribly exciting. Since most cultivars have a relatively short bloom time this can be especially problematic and the very reason I look for those with colorful foliage. However, I’m excited to try these new Bud Bloomers from Qualitree. They don’t set seed which means that they flower for much longer. I’ll let you know how I get on but as I consider their use I’m still mindful of the foliage color which ranges from very dark green to gold.

Cerise heather, bright golden yellow 'Forever Goldie' arborvitae, and the gold and green variegated 'Empire' false cypress combine beautifully with the wispy 'Sirocco' pheasant tail grass.

 

Consider leaf shape

So I began to experiment. I combined needle foliage with splayed fans, scales with feathers, lighter tones with dark, stiffly upright forms with looser shapes and was pleasantly surprised at the outcome.

 

'Goshiki' false holly brings variety to a blend of heathers and conifers

The results were tapestries which were both interesting and soothing in their simplicity. It was almost like creating miniature landscapes.

 

 

Blend with partners

I did add a few broader leaved plants such as ‘Goshiki’ false holly (Osmanthus heterophyllus ‘Goshiki’) since its green and gold foliage blended so well.

I couldn't resist adding this pansy - such a perfect color to complement the heather and cushion bush

I also tucked in a few pansies here and there to repeat the color of the heathers in case they didn’t flower as long as I hoped! Some of the more complex designs even have spring bulbs tucked away. (Well I can’t be too restrained can I?!)

 

The bottom line is that you can create beautiful designs with very similar textures. It’s all about the details. Challenge yourself.

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Great Conifers for Fall Containers

'Louie' eastern white pine takes center stage in this artistic arrangement. Photo and design credit Alyson Ross-Markley

Are your coleus collapsing and your petunias in a funk? Then it’s time to rethink those container gardens and freshen them up for fall.

The question I am asked most frequently is “What can I add for fall and winter that will be evergreen?” Well I could write a book answering that question – so let’s just focus on one group of plants that will always perform – conifers.

Tall ones, fat ones, fluffy ones and spreading ones – there’s a conifer for every situation and every design need. Want something colorful? Not a problem! There are selections in shades of green, blue, gold, russet and even variegated forms. Here are a few of my favorites.

'Louie' is as huggable as a golden teddy bear!

‘Louie’ eastern white pine (Pinus strobus ‘Louie’ )

If ever I had conifer lust I have it now.  This fluffy golden teddy bear of a conifer calls my name from across the nursery and like a child in the toy store I just have to go and give it a hug. This wonderful slow growing pine changes from a soft yellow-green in summer to vivid golden yellow in mid-winter. Obviously this would be stunning in the landscape but planting a young one in a container by your front door would really welcome friends with winter cheer. This needs full or part sun to thrive and will eventually grow to 10’ tall and 8’ wide.

I wouldn’t plant anything else in the pot with this beauty. If you would like additional fanfare add a couple of accent pots and fill those with interesting foliage and seasonal color spots such as the bolder leaved coral bells (Heuchera) but be sure to repeat the gold somewhere to tie the group together. Zones 4-9.

Jean's Dilly spruce has a tight columnar shape. Photo credit; Iseli Nursery

‘Jean’s Dilly’ spruce (Picea glauca ‘Jean’s Dilly’) – a slender version of the popular Alberta spruce, this has a tight conical form which lends itself well to more formal or traditional designs. It would work well as a centerpiece in an urn surrounded by mounding or trailing companions, or in a wide bowl shaped container accompanied by bright pansies and golden foliage such as the grass-like golden sweet flag  (Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’). This needs full sun and is hardy in zones 3-7 where it will grow to 4’ tall and 2’ wide.

Four years ago this plum yew was added to the container. Seasonal accents come and go but this is the mainstay

 

 

Upright Japanese plum yew (Cephalotaxus harringtonia ‘Fastigiata’). Yew (Taxus) is often recommended for shade containers or those which receive only limited morning un. Plum yew is even more shade tolerant and its dark green needles make a wonderful starting point to a container design. Pair it with bright chartreuse coral bells, hellebores, bishop’s hat (Epimedium)  and trailing vinca for a show-stopping combination.

Blue Star juniper has a remarkable steel blue color which pairs beautifully with burgundy tones.

 

 

Blue star juniper (Juniperus squamata ‘Blue Star’)– the bright steel-blue color of this prostrate conifer looks fabulous with burgundy making it a favorite of mine with red leaved Japanese maples. In fall this color scheme can be continued by using a young  ‘Red Beauty’ holly with its glossy evergreen foliage and abundant red berries. This conifer needs to be at the edge of a container, with other plants providing the height. Take a look at the cover of my new book for a stunning example. Full sun. Hardy in zones 4-8

'Forever Goldie' takes on orange tints in winter but is otherwise golden year round

‘Forever Goldie’ arborvitae, but may also listed as western red cedar (Thuja plicata ‘Forever Goldie’) – another huggable, golden conifer but unlike the pine this one won’t shed  needles in spring!

'Forever Goldie' is more golden in summer

Although this will eventually become BIG its early years can be spent in a medium sized pot. The foliage on this conifer has a sculptural quality to it and in winter it takes on a beautiful orange cast. Partner this with rich purple and blue for a serious color punch on a chilly autumnal day. Scorch resistant even in full sun. Hardy to zones 3-7

The delicate Cole's prostrate Canadian hemlock is popular for miniature gardening, container gardening and landscape design.

‘Cole’s Prostrate’ Canadian hemlock  (Tsuga canadensis ‘Cole’s Prostrate’)  In summer we rely on edging plants such as million bells or trailing geraniums. What can we use in the colder months? Low growing or prostrate forms of conifers work well in this situation. Just because the label tells you that in 10 years’ time it will be 3’ wide doesn’t need to prevent you from enjoying it for a season or two while it is smaller. Just transplant it to a bigger container or the garden when it gets too big for the space. I love the hemlock foliage – it has a wonderful casual look. Look closely and you’ll notice that each needle is a different length and set at a different angle giving it a “rufty-tufty” look – or at least that’s how I describe it! Others might just call it scruffy; I say it has personality! Try this dwarf, prostrate form which is hardy in zones 3-7

What conifers do you like to use in your containers?

 

 

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Gaura – a whirl of tiny butterflies

A soft haze of whirling butterflies dances around a whitebarked Himalayan birch.

Movement is important in a garden. It lends an informal atmosphere and softens otherwise stiff plantings. Grasses are often used for this, especially taller varieties but a few perennials are also perfectly suited for the job and one of the best is whirling butterflies (Gaura lindheimeri). The common name is a perfect description for these fluttering white flowers which are in constant movement on tall wiry stems. (Other common names include wand flower and bee blossom).

'Pink Fountain' grows to 2' and is hardy in zones 6-9. Photo credit; southern growers

The species has white flowers, flushed with pink which emerge all summer long from soft pink buds giving a hazy bicolor effect. In form it resembles a large lavender with a basal clump of narrow foliage in mid green from which rises a fountain of 3-4’ flowering stems. Each plant easily fills a 3’ diameter space – good value from a $10 plant! However there are many other cultivars now available in various sizes and colors. Here is just a sampling;

  • ‘Passionate Rainbow’; variegated burgundy, pink, creamy white and gold foliage, mid pink flowers, upright habit, 2’. Zones 7-9
  • ‘Siskiyou Pink’; green foliage, pink flowers, fountain, 2-3’.  Zones 5-9
  • ‘Crimson Butterflies’; a recent hybrid from ‘Siskiyou Pink’ with burgundy foliage, deep pink flowers, upright habit, dwarf at 2’. Zones 5-10
  • ‘Dauphine’; the giant! Green foliage, pink and white flowers, 5-7’ fountain. Zones 5-9
Companions

At first glance whirling butterflies may seem ideally suited to a casual cottage garden and indeed I have used them that way. Their delicate appearance softens stiffer companions such as coneflowers (Echinacea sp.) and the soft pink and white color scheme is beautiful, lasting for many months. In such an environment it is a ‘mingler’.

'Magical Fantasy' weigela is enhanced by the dreamy pink and white backdrop of the similarly colored whirling butterflies

In my current garden I have used it to surround a whitebarked Himalayan birch (Betula utilis var. jacquemontii) which enhances the already stunning white tree bark. These adaptable perennials also make a great background plant for the green and white variegated ‘Magical Fantasy’ weigela (Weigela florida ‘Kolsunn’)Unlike older cultivars this weigela has crisp white margins to its leaves – perfect for combining with whirling butterflies. Tubular pink flowers on the shrub further strengthen the association with either white or pink cultivars of the perennial.

Silver, purple and blue foliage or flowers also form easy companions.  Blue ‘Rozanne’ geranium works well as the two weave in and out of one another and billowing ‘Silver Mound’ wormwood (Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’) adds a shimmery touch.

Silver and purple make easy companions

Shorter cultivars are ideal for using as the ‘thriller’ in container plantings or even in a hanging basket. For both of these designs I rely heavily on good foliage so find the deep pink or variegated foliage forms of whirling butterflies especially useful.

What do they need to thrive? Very little. They are drought tolerant and deer resistant – two of my top priorities. Mine have barely had any water this summer and look amazing. Be careful not to add excessive mulch or compost around the crowns and avoid overly rich soil which stays wet in winter; just average, well drained soil is fine. Other than that, full sun and a chair nearby to enjoy the steady drone of bees which get drunk daily on the pollen!

This backlit smoke bush adds 'substance' to the airy flowers

One key point to remember is about pruning. Being a woody perennial it retains a twiggy structure after the leaves fall in autumn. Do not cut this down. Wait until spring and look to see where the uppermost buds are on the stems and cut just above those. The twigs help protect the crown during the winter. I find that there is usually fresh basal growth in spring as well so the plant quickly regains its former size.

Some cultivars seem to self-seed more than others but extras are easy to pull up. there is no need to deadhead.

How many do you have room for?

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